World Health Organization - Centre For Health Development

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History of WHO and International Cooperation in Public Health

1830	Cholera overruns Europe
1851	First International Sanitary Conference is held in Paris to produce an international sanitary convention, but fails.
1882	International Sanitary Convention, restricted to cholera, is adopted.
1897	Another international convention dealing with preventive measures against plague is adopted.
1902	International Sanitary Bureau, later re-named Pan American Sanitary Bureau, and then Pan American Sanitary Organization, is set up in Washington D.C. This is the forerunner of today's Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), which also serves as WHO's Regional Office for the Americas.
1907	L'Office International d'Hygiène Publique (OIHP) is established in Paris, with a permanent secretariat and a permanent committee of senior public health officials of Member Governments.
1919	League of Nations is created and is charged, among other tasks, with taking steps in matters of international concern for the prevention and control of disease. The Health Organization of the League of Nations is set up in Geneva, in parallel with the OIHP.
1926	International Sanitary Convention is revised to include provisions against smallpox and typhus.
1935	International Sanitary Convention for aerial navigation comes into force.
1938	Last International Sanitary Conference held in Paris. Conseil Sanitaire, Maritime et Quarantinaire at Alexandria is handed over to Egypt. (The WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean is its lineal descendant).
1945	United Nations Conference on International Organization in San Francisco unanimously approves a proposal by Brazil and China to establish a new, autonomous, international health organization.
1946	International Health Conference in New York approves the Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO).
1947	WHO Interim Commission organizes assistance to Egypt to combat cholera epidemic.
1948	WHO Constitution comes into force on 7 April (now marked as World Health Day each year), when the 26th of the 61 Member States who signed it ratified its signature. Later, the First World Health Assembly is held in Geneva with delegations from 53 Governments that by then were Members.
1951	Text of new International Sanitary Regulations adopted by the Fourth World Health Assembly, replacing the previous International Sanitary Conventions.
1969	These are renamed the International Health Regulations, excluding louse-bourne typhus and relapsing fever, and leaving only cholera, plague, smallpox and yellow fever.
1973	Report from the Executive Board concludes that there is widespread dissatisfaction with health services. Radical changes are needed. The Twenty-sixth World Health Assembly decides that WHO should collaborate with, rather than assist, its Member States in developing practical guidelines for national health care systems.
1974	WHO launches an Expanded Programme on Immunization to protect children from poliomyelitis, measles, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus and tuberculosis.
1977	Thirtieth World Health Assembly sets as target: that the level of health to be attained by the turn of the century should be that which will permit all people to lead a socially and economically productive life: Health for All by the Year 2000.
1978	Joint WHO/UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund) International Conference in Alma-Ata, USSR, adopts a Declaration on Primary Health Care as the key to attaining the goal of Health for All by the Year 2000.
1979	United Nations General Assembly, as well as the Thirty-second World Health Assembly, reaffirms that health is a powerful lever for socioeconomic development and peace.
1979	A Global Commission certifies the worldwide eradication of smallpox, the last known natural case having occurred in 1977.
1981	Global Strategy for Health for All by the Year 2000 is adopted, and is endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly, which urges other international organizations concerned to collaborate with WHO.
1987	United Nations General Assembly expresses concern over the spread of the AIDS pandemic. The Global Programme on AIDS is launched within WHO.
1988	Fortieth Anniversary of WHO is celebrated. Forty-first World Health Assembly resolves that poliomyelitis will be eradicated by the year 2000.
1993	Children's Vaccine Initiative launched with UNICEF, UNDP, World Bank, and the Rockefeller Foundation.
1996	WHO Centre for Health Development opened in Kobe, Japan.
1998	50th Anniversary of the Signing of the WHO Constitution.

Healthier people in healthier environments